The application of some/any/no; much/many/a lot of; a little/a few; there is/are

We use some to talk about a limited number or amount and only in positive sentences.

• He is busy. He has got some work to do.
• There are some sweets on the table.
• I need some new shoes.

Any is used for an unlimited number or amount. We can use this word in negative sentences and questions.

• Do you have any pen?
• She did not get any mark today at school.
• There are not any pictures in our house.

Some and any are used in front of uncountable nouns and plural countable nouns. The same situation is with no and a lot of:

• I have no money in my pocket.
• Does she have a lot of friends?
• There are no oranges in the fridge.

Much and a little are used in front of uncountable nouns:

• We did not spend much money.
• We have got a little time before the train leaves.
• There is a little cake left.

We use many and a few in front of plural countable nouns:

• I have a few friends and we meet quite often.
• Many people drive too fast.
• Do you speak English? - A little.

A lot of is also used in front of uncountable and plural countable nouns:

• A lot of people like pineapples.
• I have a lot of work today.
• They have a lot of problems now.

We use there is/are to say that something exists:

• Are there any vegetables in the fridge?
• There are a lot of people in the museum.
• Is there a problem?